潮湿环境中稻草的防腐效果及极限拉伸性能     

石茜  柴寿喜  李敏  魏丽 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(1):200-206

滨海盐渍土存在盐胀、溶陷和吸湿软化等问题,需对其进行处理。设想使用高分子材料SH胶防腐处理稻草,以防腐后的稻草加筋滨海盐渍土。为评价浸胶稻草的防腐效果及其力学性能,测试了天然和浸泡SH胶稻草的吸水率,及天然、浸水、浸胶及浸胶后再浸海水稻草的极限拉力和极限延伸率。结果表明：（1）浸胶稻草与天然稻草相比,吸水率最多可降低50%,证实防腐效果较好;（2）浸胶后,稻草的极限延伸率和极限拉力最大提高了26%和23%;（3）同是浸泡在海水中,浸胶后稻草较天然稻草,其极限延伸率和极限拉力的最大增长率为12%和11%;（4）浸胶稻草的SEM照片观察及能谱分析表明,SH胶包裹了纤维并进入到稻草的孔隙中,增强了纤维间的联结,提高了稻草的极限抗拉性能。SH胶防腐后的稻草作为加筋材料是可行的。  相似文献   

天然固定沙地与人工固沙植被区土壤种子库的比较研究     

崔艳  王新平  冯丽  苏延桂 《中国沙漠》2010,30(5):1114-1119

土壤种子库是退化生态系统植被恢复重建的重要基础,研究土壤种子库特征对于阐明退化生态系统受损与恢复机理具有重要的科学意义。通过野外土样采集、野外种子萌发定位跟踪调查和室内周期性种子萌发实验,对腾格里沙漠东南缘人工固沙植被区和天然固定沙地的土壤种子库特征进行了对比研究。结果表明：人工固沙植被区土壤种子库包含21个物种,分属于8科;天然固定沙地土壤种子库有33种植物,属于11科。人工固沙植被区以一年生植物为主,天然固定沙地以多年生植物为主。人工固沙植被区的种子总密度明显低于天然固定沙地,但不同物种种子的密度变化存在显著差异。人工固沙植被区的物种丰富度和多样性指数均较天然固定沙地低。人工固沙植被区和天然固定沙地的土壤种子库与地上植被物种的相似性系数分别为0.73和0.71。尽管人工固沙植被区土壤种子库存在少量多年生植物种子,但仍未发展到以多年生草本植物为主的群落演替阶段,说明人工固沙植被区的植物多样性恢复尚需要漫长的过程。  相似文献   

Control of sediment dynamics by vegetation as a key function driving biogeomorphic succession within fluvial corridors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dov Corenblit  Johannes Steiger  Angela M. Gurnell  Eric Tabacchi  Lydie Roques 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(13):1790-1810

Riparian vegetation responds to hydrogeomorphic disturbances and environmental changes and also controls these changes. Here, we propose that the control of sediment erosion and deposition by riparian vegetation is a key geomorphological and ecological (i.e. biogeomorphic) function within fluvial corridors. In a 3 year study, we investigated the correlations between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphic dynamics along a transverse gradient from the main channel to the floodplain of the River Tech, France. Sediment erosion and deposition rates varied significantly along the transverse gradient as a function of the vegetation biovolume intercepting water flow. These effects, combined with the extremely strong mechanical resistance of pioneer woody structures and strong resilience of pioneer labile herbaceous communities, Populus nigra and Salix spp., explain the propensity of biogeomorphic succession (i.e. the synergy between vegetation succession and landform construction) to progress between destructive floods. This geomorphological function newly identified as an ‘ecosystem function’ per se encompasses the coupling of habitat and landform creation, maintenance and change with fundamental ecosystem structural changes in space and in time. Three different biogeomorphic functions, all related to the concept of ecosystem engineering, were identified: (i) the function of pioneer herbaceous communities to retain fine sediment and diaspores in the exposed zones of the active tract near the water resource, facilitating recruitment of further herbaceous and Salicacea species; (ii) the function of woody vegetation to drive the construction of forested islands and floodplains; and (iii) the function of stabilised riparian forests to act as ‘diversity reservoirs’ which can support regeneration after destructive floods. Overall, this study based on empirical data points to the fundamental importance of sediment flow control by pioneer riparian vegetation in defining fluvial ecosystem and landform organisation in time and in space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙区腹地提高飞播成效的技术措施研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李维向  闫伟  刘朝霞  武生荣  王长征  杨冬翔  盛文玉  高博 《中国沙漠》2009,29(1):114-117

飞播治沙造林作为一项快速有效的现代化造林措施,已经成为鄂尔多斯毛乌素沙区腹地植被恢复与建设的重要手段。长期的飞播造林实践表明：①在飞播区,设置沙障是提高飞播成效的重要途径。设置平铺式间距4 m行列式沙障和直立式间距6 m行列式沙障,飞播物种成苗率较高,比对照（CK）区的成苗率高出36.5%~37.1%。②飞播种子包衣、丸化处理,均能促进成苗,包衣处理更有利于飞播植物生长。飞播种子包衣、丸化处理与裸种相比,成苗率分别提高了10.6%和13.72%。而且包衣种子播后15 d,其根长、根条数、地径和高生长比对照分别高出11.93 mm、0.9条、0.29 mm和3.24 mm。③不论是在何种立地条件下,经过地面处理的样方内的飞播种子成苗量明显高于对照区样方内的成苗量,其中,采取综合措施的破土处理效果最好,成苗量是对照区的6~8倍。  相似文献   

土壤种子库萌发实验在野外与室内的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王增如  徐海量  尹林克  严成  郑路 《中国沙漠》2009,29(2):264-269

实验室萌发法是目前国内外研究土壤种子库时普遍采用的方法,而实验室与野外自然环境在萌发条件上具有很大的差异,在野外进行萌发实验是否对土壤种子库恢复潜力的估计更具有可靠性？鉴于此,我们在塔里木河下游选择了3个典型断面,分别在野外和实验室进行了土壤种子库萌发实验。结果表明:①野外与实验室萌出的物种相同,但幼苗密度在野外(598.8株\5m-2)明显高于实验室(530.3株\5m-2)。②物种组成中,豆科物种在野外实验幼苗密度明显较高;若以生活型划分,多年生草本和灌木幼苗密度在野外明显高于实验室。③各物种在野外和实验室的萌发特征相似,但在实验室萌发速度较快,萌发高峰期提前了2~3 d。综合来看,对于塔里木河下游土壤种子库的研究,在野外进行萌发实验其结果更具有可靠性。这对今后土壤种子库的研究具有参考意义。  相似文献   

水盐胁迫对花花柴种子萌发的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王志才  牙库甫江·阿西木  王艳  张富春 《中国沙漠》2012,32(3):750-755

 水盐胁迫直接影响盐生植物的种子萌发,本研究通过对盐生植物花花柴种子带冠毛与否及不同胁迫处理下种子萌发率的比较分析,探讨花花柴种子萌发期的耐盐特性。对花花柴带冠毛和不带冠毛种子在蒸馏水中的对比萌发结果表明,冠毛对花花柴种子的最终萌发率无影响,但明显延长种子的萌发时间,可能与阻碍种子吸水有关。花花柴种子经过冷处理,成熟的种子没有出现生理休眠现象,有利于种子在条件适宜时迅速起始萌发。采用不同浓度NaCl和等渗的PEG6000 (聚乙二醇) 处理花花柴种子,结果表明：①NaCl和PEG胁迫对花花柴种子的萌发具有非常明显的抑制作用,主要表现为降低种子的萌发率,延长种子的萌发时间,抑制胚根和胚芽的生长;②NaCl对花花柴种子萌发的抑制作用明显地大于等渗的PEG,说明离子胁迫是影响花花柴种子萌发的主要因素;③花花柴种子萌发的耐盐临界值为213 mM,极限值为340 mM;④低浓度的NaCl溶液（50 mM）不影响花花柴种子的萌发和胚芽的生长,表明花花柴种子适宜在低盐条件下萌发;⑤盐胁迫下未萌发种子的复水实验结果表明,高盐处理后未萌发的种子具有较高的复萌率,但各处理下种子最终萌发率没有显著差异,表明高盐能使种子休眠,但种子的活力仍能保持,有利于种群的维持。  相似文献   

Study on characteristics and regeneration rules of Salix gordejevii in Hunshandak Sandland, China     

XiuPing Cui  GuoHou Liu 《寒旱区科学》2012,4(5):0417-0421

Salix gordejevii, a species of dune-fixing pioneer shrub in the Hunshandak Sandland in China, plays a vital role in maintenance and improvement of the local ecological environment. Salix gordejevii has an r-type reproductive countermeasure, which means it produces large quantities of seeds that have a high germination rate but relatively low seedling viability. Our research on the seed regeneration and sprouting regeneration characteristics of Salix gordejevii shows that its sprouting regeneration process is more productive and efficient than its seed regeneration process. At the same time, growth of Salix gordejevii would decline when the drifting sand dune was fixed. To assess its sprouting regeneration process, we analyzed the number, length, and diameter of new shoots under different cutting treatments, and found significant differences based on various cutting heights and different cutting times (April vs. October). We conclude that cutting measures which take advantage of this species’ robust sprout tillering can increase the biomass of this shrub and also can improve its canopy density and its forage properties for livestock grazing, with the added benefits of improved sand-fixing and prevention of wind erosion.  相似文献   

江西省双季早稻长势定量等级指标的研究     

田俊  黄淑娥  辜晓青 《气象与减灾研究》2012,35(2):57-60

利用2010—2011年江西省有代表性的12个县(市)共34个观测点的双季早稻农业气象观测资料,采用频数分析方法,研究建立了江西省双季早稻长势观测定量指标。结果表明,在各主要生育期,不同苗情的早稻,其叶面积指数与单株干物质重量差异明显,可用于早稻长势的定量评价。产量分析表明,研究建立的双季早稻长势定量等级指标可用于实际。  相似文献   

生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响研究进展     

陈孟晨  张景光  刘立超  冯丽  滕嘉玲 《中国沙漠》2017,37(3):483-490

生物土壤结皮在荒漠地区广泛分布,它的形成和演替深刻地改变了土壤表层的结构特征和理化性质,进而影响了荒漠地区一年生植物的种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程。本文回顾了国内外有关生物土壤结皮对一年生植物影响的研究,综述了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物的土壤种子库、种子萌发、幼苗存活及生长过程的影响,分析了各研究结论中存在争议的原因,总结了生物土壤结皮对一年生植物种子传播、萌发、幼苗存活及生长影响的内在机理,指出了生物土壤结皮对荒漠地区植被组成的筛选作用,并对进一步的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

Agrobiodiversity of Muda Rice Agroecosystem:A case Study in Largest Granary Area of Malaysia     

Amir Shah Ruddin Md Shah　Mashhor Mansor　Shahrul Anuar Mohd Shah　Che Salmah Mohd Rawi　Abu Hassan Ahmad　Ibrahim Jaafar 《湿地科学》2008,6(1):34-44

A survey was carried out at the largest rice cultivation area in Peninsular Malaysia,the Muda rice agroecosystem.The main objective of this study was to document the overall biodiversity associated with this unique agroecosystem by using a combination of sampling techniques in order to record different groups of fauna and flora.The total number of biota recorded and identified from the rice field ecosystem during the study period consisted of 46 species of zooplankton,81 species of aquatic insects,5 species of rodents,7 species of bats,87 species of birds,11 species of fishes and 58 species of weeds.A long-term study should be carried out as more species are expected to be recorded when more of the Muda rice agroecosystem area has been sampled to obtain sufficient information on the Muda rice agrobiodiversity.  相似文献